Reduced Adverbial Clause
Adverb Clause
Adverbial Clause adalah dependent Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja biasanya akan menjawab pertanyaan When/Where/How/Why
Adverbial Clause adalah dependent Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja biasanya akan menjawab pertanyaan When/Where/How/Why
e.g.
1. I can not say a word because I have nothing to say
adverbial clause of reason
or
Because I have nothing to say, I can not say a word
2. After she bought a car, she went to Bandung alone.
adverbial clause of time
or
she went to Bandung alone after she bought a car
3. She isn't happy although she is rich
adverbial clause of contrast
or
Although she is rich, she is not happy
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE disederhanakan menjadi ADVERBIAL PHRASE
ADVERB= KATA KETERANGAN
CLAUSE = KALIMAT
REDUCING = MENGURANGI
PHRASE = frase (bagian dari kalimat)
Saat kita ingin membuat sebuah reduced adverbial clause kita perlu ingat bahwa tidak semua adverb clause bisa kita reduced. Hal ini bisa dilakukan apabila subject yang sama pada klause adverbial clause. (make sure that the adverb clause (subordinate clause) and the main clause have the same subject.)
Although Ria is rich, she is not happy
adverbial clause bisa di "REDUCING"
adverbial clause bisa di "REDUCING"
Reduced Adverb Clause Of Time
After she bought a car, she
went to Bandung alone. (Original)
After buying a car, she went to
Bandung alone. (Reduced)
Reduced Adverb Clause Of Reason
Because I didn’t know the
direction to the zoo, I asked some people on the street. (Original)
Not knowing the direction to the
zoo, I asked some people on the street. (Reduced)
Reduced Adverb Clause Of
Opposition/Contrast
Although they had a private
vehicle, they decided to take public transportation. (Original)
Despite/ In spite of having
a private vehicle, they decided to take public transportation. (Reduced)
Itulah tadi beberapa adverb
clause yang bisa kita reduced. Proses perubahan dari kalimat original menjadi
bentuk reduced nya, jika kita perhatikan akan terlihat polanya. Berikut ini
adalah pola atau rumus reduced adverbial clause beserta contoh kalimat untuk
masing masing pola.
Rumus Dengan Be (To be : is/am/are/ was/were/ been)
Original : Conjunction + Subject
+ to be + V1+ing / Noun / Adjective / V3
Reduced:
Cara 1 : Conjunction +
Cara 2 :
Cara 3 : Conjunction + being +
Noun / Adjective / V3
Cara 4 : being + Noun / Adjective
/ V3
Contoh Kalimat:
While I was walking down the
beach, I saw a whale stranded. (Original)
Cara 1 : While walking down the
beach, I saw a whale stranded. (Reduced)
Cara 2 : Walking down the beachm
I saw a whale stranded. (Reduced)
Because he is a doctor, he know
how to fix broken bone. (Original)
Cara 3 : Because being a doctor,
he know how to fix broken bone. (Reduced)
Cara 4 : Being a doctor, he know
how to fix broken bone. (Reduced)
Rumus Tanpa Be
Original : Conjunction + Subject
+ Verb
Reduced : Conjunction + V1+-ing
Contoh Kalimat :
Since they came to New York, they
became a street artist. (Original)
Since coming to New York, they
became a street artist. (Reduced)
An adverb clause can
be shortened to an adverb phrase. This can be particularly helpful when you
want to express your ideas in a more concise manner. Before you reduce an
adverb clause into an adverbial phrase, make sure that the adverb clause (subordinate clause) and
the main clause have the same subject.
Study the examples
given below.
I slept for ten hours.
I felt marvelous.
The two sentences
given above express a cause and effect relationship and hence can be combined
into one using the conjunction as / since.
As I had slept for
ten hours, I felt marvelous.
Both clauses have the
same subject and hence we can reduce the adverb clause into a phrase.
Having slept for ten
hours, I felt marvelous.
Another example is
given below.
He worked hard. He
passed the test.
Because he worked
hard, he passed the test.
This can be reduced
to:
Having worked hard,
he passed the test.
There are many
different kinds of adverb clauses and it is not possible to reduce all of them.
Generally speaking, the adverb clauses of time, cause and contrast can be
reduced.
Reduced Adverb
Clauses of Time
After he did military
service, he became a monk.
The sentence given
above can be reduced to:
After doing military
service, he became a monk.
He wrote his first
book after he recovered from a major illness.
This can be reduced
to:
He wrote his first
book after recovering from a major illness.
He feeds the cats
before he goes to work.
Can be reduced to
He feeds the cats
before going to work.
Reduced Adverb
Clauses of Cause
Because she was late,
she didn’t get tickets for the show.
This can be reduced
to:
Being late, she
didn’t get tickets for the show.
Because I worked
fast, I finished early.
This can be reduced
to:
Having worked fast, I
finished early.
Because I was feeling
a bit tired, I didn’t go to work.
This can be reduced
to:
Feeling a bit tired,
I didn’t go to work.
Correct Reduced
Adverb Clause to Adverbial Phrase
Because she has a
test next week, she is studying very hard.
REDUCES TO:
Having a test next
week, she is studying very hard.
Reduced Adverb
Clauses of Time
Before he bought the
house, he did a lot of research. -> Before buying the house, he did a lot of
research.
After she had lunch,
she went back to work. -> After having lunch, she went back to work.
Reduced Adverb
Clauses of Causality
Because she was late,
she excused herself at the meeting. -> Being late, she excused herself.
As Tom had extra work
to do, he stayed late at work. -> Having extra work to do, Tom stayed late
at work.
Reduced Adverb
Clauses of Opposition
Though he had a lot
of money, he didn't have many friends. -> in spite of having a lot of money, he didn't have many
friends.
Although she was
beautiful, she still felt shy. -> Despite being beautiful, she still felt
shy.
Here are detailed
descriptions and instructions on how to reduce each type of adverb clause which
has the same subject as the independent clause.
Do the following exercises!
Choose the correct answer!
1. They played basketball for two hours. Later, they went home. ________________ for two hours, they went home.
a.After playing basketball
b.While playing basketball
c.Playing basketball
2. Since he was late, he started the meeting at 10.
a.Being late, he started the meeting at 10.
b.Since being late, he started the meeting at 10
c.Since late, he started the meeting at 10.
3. I didn't want to miss my flight. I set my alarm clock for 6:00 AM.
________________, I set my alarm clock for 6:00 AM.
a.Not wanting to miss my flight
b.While not wanting to miss my flight
c. Before not wanting to miss my flight
1. They played basketball for two hours. Later, they went home. ________________ for two hours, they went home.
a.After playing basketball
b.While playing basketball
c.Playing basketball
2. Since he was late, he started the meeting at 10.
a.Being late, he started the meeting at 10.
b.Since being late, he started the meeting at 10
c.Since late, he started the meeting at 10.
3. I didn't want to miss my flight. I set my alarm clock for 6:00 AM.
________________, I set my alarm clock for 6:00 AM.
a.Not wanting to miss my flight
b.While not wanting to miss my flight
c. Before not wanting to miss my flight
4. You came here.
Before that, you were sad.
________________,
you were sad.
a.After coming here
b.Before coming here
c.While coming here
5. I was waiting
for the bus. I saw a cat.
________________,
I saw a cat.
a.Waiting for the
bus
b.Before waiting for
the bus
c.Since waiting for
the bus
6. He is a perfectionist. He noticed all the
flaws.
________________,
he noticed all the flaws.
a.While being a
perfectionist
b.Since being a
perfectionist
c.Being a
perfectionist
7.Brush you teeth. After that, go to
bed.
Don't go to bed
________________ your teeth.
a.after brushing
b.before brushing
c.brushing
8. Because I don’t know her phone number, I can’t call
her.
a. Not knowing her phone number, I can’t call her.b. knowing her phone number, I can’t call her.
c. Because of I don’t know her phone number, I can’t call her.
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