THE LEGO @ STORY FOR RECOUNT

good teamwork and bad teamwork

Wisdom of Geese (Motivational)

GERUND&PARTICIPLE

GERUND 

   Gerund adalah kata kerja yang dibendakan/ kata benda yang dibentuk dari kata kerja yang diberi akhiran –ing (V-ing).            V1 +ing                 Noun

Functions:

1. As Subject
a. Driving a car is not easy
b. Swimming makes us happy

2. As Object (after certain verbs)
like, enjoy, love, prefer, permit, regret, remember, forget, hate, start, stop, try, prefer, continue, consider, begin, attempt, allow, advise, admit, avoid, deny, anticipate, finish, forgive, keep, mind, neglect, practice, postpone, prevent, resist, risk, understand

e.g.    a. I don’t like cooking
          b. I love  drinking coffee

Admit Appreciate Claim Can’t help Resume

Consider Avoid Delay Deny Risk

Enjoy Finish Quit Resist Siggest

Mind Miss Postpone Practice Advise

Recall Regret Report Recent resist

3. As Complement/pelengkap.

S + be + complement
a. My hope is having a new bike.
b. What I want is joining the game

4. After Preposition

  (at, after, before, from, in, on, of, under, up, through, about, without, for and to ( be used to, be accustomed to, object to, take to, look forward to)
a. After eating the meal, he gets stomachache
b. I am used to drinking

 

5.                As Noun Modifier (modifying noun= alat/ sesuatu untuk)
a. The waiting room is full of people
b. You should take the sleeping bag if you have a camping

6.        As Prohibition
No smoking!
Stop Crying!

7.  Setelah possessive adjective (my,your, his,her,our,their,Amir’s, dll)

Contoh : His staring frightens me.

                               your reading is not good

PRESENT                                                  &                     PAST PARTICIPLE
                                                               adjective
- The work was tiring                                                  - I was tired
    (pekerjaan itu melelahkan)                                                    (saya lelah)
- The game was satisfying                                          - I am satisfied
      (permainan itu memuaskan)                                     (saya puas)
     

Present Participle /Active Participle : Ving (aktivitas yang bersifat aktif/melakukan pekerjaan)
e.g.      -a working boy = anak yang sedang bekerja
              - a smilling woman = wanita yang sedang tersenyum

Past Participle : V3 (aktivitas bersifat pasif /dikenai pekerjaan)
e.g.      - the stolen money = uang yang dicuri
              - the unexpected meeting = pertemuan yang tak diharapkan

Present Participle
Functions :
1. Sebagai adjective
- Minnie is a charming girl
- the novel is very interesting
2. Untuk membentuk Continuous Tense
e.g.   We are studying now
          You have been dreaming

3. Verb of Perception
(Setelah kata kerja yang dilakukan oleh panca indra)
S+V+O+ACTIVE PARTICIPLE
VERBS: SEE, WATCH, OBSERVE, NOTICE, FIND, KEEP, SMELL, HEAR, LEAVE, FEEL, CATCH
e.g.          I smelt something burning
               We found him smoking in the class

4. Apabila dua peristiwa terjadi bersamaan dilakukan oleh seorang subyek
e.g.                1. When she called you, she was sleeping
                            Sleeping, she called you
                       2. While he was swimming, he drank a lot of water
                            Swimming, he drank a lot of water

5. Apabila ada dua peristiwa yang dilakukan oleh seorang subyek secara berturut-turut, maka peristiwa yang terjadi lebih dulu bisa ditulis dengan menggunakan active participle
e.g.                - He ate the meat, he became ill
                         Having eaten the meat, he became ill
                                    - I arrived home. I went to bed
                                     Arriving home, I went to bed

6. Apabila peristiwa yang kedua merupakan bagian atau akibat dari peristiwa pertama. Peristiwa kedua bisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan active participle

e.g. Since he is old, he must use glasses
         Being old, he must use glasses
Because he was a student, he should study hard
Being a student, he should study hard

PAST PARTICIPLE
Functions:

1. Sebagai adjective
- My broken heart depressed me much
- He has watched the untold story

2. Untuk membuat kalimat pasif
- The witnesses must be protected
-The glass is broken

3.Setelah kata kerja tertentu
 (Verb of perception)  apabila obyeknya pasif
S + V + Past Participle + ……
- She found the door locked
- He noticed the thieves beaten

4. Untuk menggantikan subyek + kata kerja pasif apabila subyek tersebut disebutkan secara berulang
- She enters the room.  She is accompanied by her son

She enters the room, accompanied by her son

Simple present

Cinderela

HORTATORY EXPOSITION

HORTATORY EXPOSITION
Social function : To persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the case.
Generic structure
1. Thesis announcement of issue concern.
2. Argument : reason for concern, leading to recommendation
3. Recommendation : statement of what ought or ought not to happen.

Thesis

         International Labour Organisation’s (ILO) major project is the reduction of child-labour. The use of child-labour in the manufacturing of products is very strong in East Asia. Children as young as six and seven work at jobs from 6.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m. They work in conditions which are very unhealthy. They are just given one meal a day.
 

Argument

          ILO recognizes the fact that child labour has been around for al long time. In the UK, there used to be children of five and six years working in the cloth mills of Lancashire and in the coal mines. Employers found children less troublesome. They could also be paid less.
 

Argument 

           Nowadays child labour is very common in Asia and Africa. In India and Afghanistan employers use child labour in the carpet and glass industries. They claim that young children have nimble fingers. They can do the job better than adults.
 

Argument 

            Child labour is undesirable. Yet it seems to be necessary in low - income countries. Poverty often makes child labour necessary. Poor families need the money that their children earn.
 

Recommendation 

             Schooling is necessary in the battle against child labour. One of the main problems with schooling is its cost. Parents have to find the money for school fees, uniforms, school books and pencils. Then there is the cost of transport to school. An ILO report in 1996 recommended that income of parents be raised. If they get a better income, these children would be sent to school. So the first priority should be to provide skills training for parents. Then they would be able to earn more and be able to send their children to school.

Adapted from: Informational English for Senior High School